Array Free Essays

string(199) Example The strategy of excluding the limits particular for the primary element of a multidimensional cluster can likewise be utilized in work assertions as follows: Copy/multidimensional_arrays. C++ gives an information structure, the exhibit, which stores a fixed-size successive assortment of components of a similar sort. An exhibit is utilized to store an assortment of information, yet it is frequently progressively valuable to think about a cluster as an assortment of factors of a similar sort. Rather than announcing singular factors, for example, number0, number1, †¦ , and number99, you pronounce one exhibit variable, for example, numbers and use numbers[0], numbers[1], and †¦ , numbers[99] to speak to singular factors. We will compose a custom paper test on Cluster or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now A particular component in an exhibit is gotten to by a record. All exhibits comprise of adjoining memory areas. The least location relates to the primary component and the most elevated location to the last component. Proclaiming Arrays: To announce an exhibit in C++, the developer determines the kind of the components and the quantity of components required by a cluster as follows: type arrayName [ arraySize ];| This is known as a solitary measurement cluster. The arraySize must be a whole number consistent more prominent than zero and type can be any legitimate C++ information type. For instance, to proclaim a 10-component cluster called parity of type twofold, utilize this announcement: twofold balance[10];| Initializing Arrays: You can introduce C++ exhibit components it is possible that individually or utilizing a solitary articulation as follows: twofold balance[5] = {1000. 0, 2. 0, 3. 4, 17. 0, 50. 0};| The quantity of qualities between supports { } can not be bigger than the quantity of components that we announce for the cluster between square sections [ ]. Following is a guide to allocate a solitary component of the exhibit: If you discard the size of the cluster, an exhibit sufficiently enormous to hold the instatement is made. Along these lines, on the off chance that you compose: twofold balance[] = {1000. 0, 2. 0, 3. 4, 17. 0, 50. 0};| You will make the very same cluster as you did in the past model. balance[4] = 50. 0;| The above articulation appoints component number fifth in the exhibit an estimation of 50. 0. Exhibit with fourth record will be fifth ie. last component since all exhibits have 0 as the record of their first component which is likewise called base file. Following is the pictorial representaion of a similar cluster we talked about above: Accessing Array Elements: A component is gotten to by ordering the exhibit name. This is finished by setting the list of the component inside square sections after the name of the cluster. For instance: twofold pay = balance[9];| The above proclamation will take tenth component from the cluster and allocate the incentive to pay variable. Following is a model which will utilize all the previously mentioned three ideas viz. eclaration, task and getting to exhibits: #include iostreamusing namespace sexually transmitted disease; #include iomanipusing std::setw; int fundamental (){ int n[ 10 ];/n is a variety of 10 whole numbers/instate components of cluster n to 0 for ( int I = 0; I 10; i++ ) { n[ I ] = I + 100;/set component at area I to I + 100 } cout â€Å"Element† setw( 13 ) â€Å"Value† endl;/yield each exhibit element’s esteem for ( int j = 0; j ; 10; j++ ) { cout ;; setw( 7 ); ; j ;; setw( 13 ) ;; n[ j ] ;; endl; } return 0;}| This program makes use setw() capacity to organize the yield. At the point when the above code is incorporated and executed, it produces following outcome: Element Value 0 100 1 101 2 102 3 103 4 104 5 105 6 106 7 107 8 108 9 109| grouping: Copy decl-specifier identifier [ consistent articulation ] decl-specifier identifier [] decl-specifier identifer [][ steady expression] . . . decl-specifier identifier [ consistent articulation ] [ steady articulation ] . . . 1. The announcement specifier: * A discretionary stockpiling class specifier. * Optional const as well as unstable specifiers. The sort name of the components of the exhibit. 2. The declarator: * The identifier. * A consistent articulation of vital kind encased in sections, []. In the event that various measurements are announced utilizing extra sections, the steady articulation might be discarded on the main arrangement of sections. * Optional extra sections encasing steady articulations. 3. A discretionary initializer. See Initializers. The quantity of components in the exhibit is given by the steady articulation. The principal component in the exhibit is the 0th component, and the keep going component is the (n-1) component, where n is the quantity of components the cluster can contain. The steady articulation must be of an indispensable sort and should be more noteworthy than 0. A zero-sized cluster is lawful just when the exhibit is the last field in a struct or association and when the Microsoft augmentations (/Ze) are empowered. The accompanying model tells the best way to characterize a cluster at run time: Copy/exhibits. cpp/gather with:/EHsc #include ;iostream; int fundamental() { utilizing namespace sexually transmitted disease; int size = 3, I = 0; int* myarr = new int[size]; for (I = 0 ; I ; size ; i++) myarr[i] = 10; for (I = 0 ; I ; size ; i++) printf_s(â€Å"myarr[%d] = %d â€Å", I, myarr[i]); erase [] myarr; } Arrays are inferred types and can along these lines be developed from some other determined or basic sort with the exception of capacities, references, and void. Clusters built from different exhibits are multidimensional clusters. These multidimensional clusters are indicated by setting various organized steady articulations in grouping. For instance, think about this assertion: Copy int i2[5][7]; It indicates a variety of type int, thoughtfully orchestrated in a two-dimensional framework of five lines and seven sections, as appeared in the accompanying figure: Conceptual Layout of Multidimensional Array In statements of multidimensioned exhibits that have an initializer list (as depicted in Initializers), the steady articulation that determines the limits for the principal measurement can be precluded. For instance: Copy/arrays2. cpp/incorporate with:/c const int cMarkets = 4;/Declare a buoy that speaks to the transportation costs. ouble TransportCosts[][cMarkets] = { 32. 19, 47. 29, 31. 99, 19. 11 }, { 11. 29, 22. 49, 33. 47, 17. 29 }, { 41. 97, 22. 09, 9. 76, 22. 55 }; The previous statement characterizes a cluster that is three lines by four segments. The lines speak to plants and the segments speak to bus iness sectors to which the production lines transport. The qualities are the transportation costs from the industrial facilities to the business sectors. The main component of the exhibit is forgotten about, yet the compiler fills it in by analyzing the initializer. Themes in this segment: * Using Arrays * Arrays in Expressions * Interpretation of Subscript Operator * Indirection on Array Types * Ordering of C++ Arrays Example The method of overlooking the limits detail for the main element of a multidimensional cluster can likewise be utilized in work statements as follows: Copy/multidimensional_arrays. cpp/arrange with:/EHsc/contentions: 3 #include ;limits;/Includes DBL_MAX #include ;iostream; const int cMkts = 4, cFacts = 2;/Declare a buoy that speaks to the transportation costs twofold TransportCosts[][cMkts] = { 32. 19, 47. 29, 31. 99, 19. 11 }, { 11. 29, 22. 49, 33. 47, 17. 29 }, { 41. 97, 22. 09, 9. 76, 22. 55 };/Calculate size of vague measurement const int cFactories = sizeof TransportCosts/sizeof( double[cMkts] ); twofold FindMinToMkt( int Mkt, twofold myTransportCosts[][cMkts], int mycFacts); sing namespace sexually transmitted disease; int primary( int argc, burn *argv[] ) { twofold MinCost; if (argv[1] == 0) { cout ;; â€Å"You must determine the quantity of business sectors. † ;; endl; exit(0); } MinCost = FindMinToMkt( *argv[1] †‘0’, TransportCosts, cFacts); cout ;; â€Å"The least expense to Market † ;; argv[1] ;; † will be: † ;; MinCost ;; † â€Å"; } twofold FindMinToMkt(int Mkt, twofold myTransportCosts[][cMkts], int mycFacts) { twofold MinCost = DBL_MAX; for( int I = 0; I ; cFacts; ++i ) MinCost = (MinCost ; TransportCosts[i][Mkt]) ? MinCost : TransportCosts[i][Mkt]; return MinCost; } ] This article is a piece of our on-going C programming arrangement. There are times while composing C code, you might need to store various things of same kind as bordering bytes in memory with the goal that looking and arranging of things turns out to be simple. For instance: 1. Putting away a string that contains arrangement of characters. Like putting away a name in memory. 2. Putting away numerous strings. Like putting away numerous names. C programming language gives the idea of exhibits to assist you with these situations. 1. What is an Array? A cluster is an assortment of same sort of components which are protected under a typical name. A cluster can be imagined as a column in a table, whose each progressive square can be thought of as memory bytes containing one component. Take a gander at the figure underneath : An Array of four components: +===================================================+ | elem1 | elem2 | elem3 | elem4 | +===================================================+ The quantity of 8 piece bytes that every component possesses relies upon the sort of exhibit. In the event that kind of cluster is ‘char’, at that point it implies the exhibit stores character components. Since each character involves one byte so components of a character exhibit possess one byte each. 2. How to Define an Array? A cluster is characterized as following : ;kind of-exhibit; ;name-of-cluster; [;number of components in array;]; * sort of-cluster: It is the sort of components that an exhibit stores. On the off chance that cluster stores character components, at that point kind of exhibit is ‘char’. On the off chance that exhibit stores whole number components, at that point sort of cluster is ‘int’. Other than these local sorts, on the off chance that kind of components in cluster is structure objects, at that point kind of exhibit turns into the structure. * name-of-exhibit: This is the name that is given to cluster. It very well may be any string yet it is normally recommended that some jar of standard ought to be followed while naming exhibits. At any rate the name ought to be in setting with what is being put away in the cluster. * [number of elements]: This incentive in addendums [] shows the quantity of components t

Free Essays on The Secret Sharer

The Secret Sharer Joseph Conrad’s The Secret Sharer, is a novella that recounts to the tale of a boat commander who finds a stow away and harbors him without telling his crewmembers. Supposedly on, the stow away, Leggat, clarifies that he executed a man and had fled. Despite the fact that the commander realizes that what Leggat did wasn't right, he despite everything permits him to share his space. The commander at that point alludes to Leggat as the sharer of his room, the sharer of his garments, the sharer of his appearance, and here and there an amazing sharer. The plot of this novella centers around the mind of the commander in a manner that uncovers his requirement for another measurement to his dull life, and he carries on with this life through the encounters of another man. This story starts with the chief of a boat named the Sephora. At the point when we are acquainted with the commander, he is considering the orders that he has given to his team. He doesn’t think a lot about anybody of them, and marvels in the event that they trust him and on the off chance that he is making a reasonable showing of running the boat. He feels to himself that he is doing not as much as what is normal and is to some degree disillusioned in him. While on the stern he heads toward raise the stepping stool and finds Mr. Leggat at the base. He permits him to come ready and gives him garments and shelter. Leggat discloses to him the conditions encompassing the reasons why he fled. He had slaughtered a man out of anger on the neighboring boat and had been kept. Following three weeks of being bolted up he saw a chance to get away and did as such. He was swimming in the sea for at some point before he saw the lights of the Sephora and swam towards it, which finished him u p where he was right now. The skipper despite everything covered up Leggat. He took a gander at him as his twin, somebody that could take after him genuinely and somebody whom he imparted an uncommon cling to. The commander of the neighboring boat came over, looking somewhat distressed, to pose a couple of inquiries concerning Leggat. The capt... Free Essays on The Secret Sharer Free Essays on The Secret Sharer The Secret Sharer Joseph Conrad’s The Secret Sharer, is a novella that recounts to the tale of a boat chief who finds a stow away and harbors him without telling his crewmembers. Supposedly on, the stow away, Leggat, clarifies that he murdered a man and had fled. In spite of the fact that the chief realizes that what Leggat did wasn't right, he despite everything permits him to share his space. The chief at that point alludes to Leggat as the sharer of his room, the sharer of his garments, the sharer of his appearance, and here and there an amazing sharer. The plot of this novella centers around the mind of the skipper in a manner that uncovers his requirement for another measurement to his dull life, and he carries on with this life through the encounters of another man. This story starts with the commander of a boat named the Sephora. At the point when we are acquainted with the commander, he is contemplating the orders that he has given to his team. He doesn’t think a lot about anybody of them, and miracles on the off chance that they trust him and on the off chance that he is making a reasonable showing of running the boat. He feels to himself that he is doing not as much as what is normal and is to some degree frustrated in him. While on the stern he heads toward raise the stepping stool and finds Mr. Leggat at the base. He permits him to come ready and gives him garments and shelter. Leggat discloses to him the conditions encompassing the reasons why he fled. He had slaughtered a man out of anger on the neighboring boat and had been confined. Following three weeks of being bolted up he saw a chance to get away and did as such. He was swimming in the sea for at some point before he saw the lights of the Sephora and swam towards it, which f inished him up where he was right now. The commander despite everything covered up Leggat. He took a gander at him as his twin, somebody that could take after him genuinely and somebody whom he imparted an exceptional attach to. The skipper of the neighboring boat came over, looking somewhat troubled, to pose a couple of inquiries concerning Leggat. The capt...

Impacts of Interference on Strip Footings †Assignmenthelp.com

Question: Examine about the Impacts of Interference on Strip Footings. Answer: Presentation: As the amount of fundamental perspectives for auxiliary structuring is being improved, an individual can see that the footings and stays are in many cases put eagerly. The impact of deterrent as for a solitary or single parity or hook isn't exactly equivalent to that of a get-together of such footings and remains. Investigators have pondered and asked about on the impact of impedance on strip footings and strip plate remains both speculatively and likely (Chung and Cascante, 2007). A few structure structures, for instance, transmission tower units, harbor and quay dividers, suspension structures, securing for projections and guyed structures, securing system in oceans and lowered stages are on the whole the more routinely exposed to rouse powers and likewise, the opposition of the wharf plan of such structures against the move is seen to be increasingly fundamental (Merifield and Sloan, 2006). The move furthest reaches of such ground catches are generally contributed by the dead weig ht of the soil mass resting inside the failure region, in addition, the shear nature of the earth along the mistake planes. On the off chance that there ought to be an event of shallow ground catches, the obstruction offered in view of the get together of shear quality is, generally, common stood out from that of the significant hooks introduced at an increasingly important significance (Vinod et al., 2009). All the more much of the time these stay systems are laid in a social occasion. In these occurrences, the speculations made for single isolated hook without considering the effect of the nearby stays may show up in misdirecting plan thought. It has been noted from the composing that a couple of examiners have point by point the joint effort wonder of immovably isolated ground catches exposed to the static vertical raise powers (Ghosh and Santhoshkumar 2015). In this specific circumstance, the proposed inquire about needs to gauge and look at the productivity of the singular balance/grapple and the consolidated footings/stays. Subsequently, the results will help in building up an exhaustive comprehension of the adequacy of various types and position of footings just as grapples. One can't possibly discover an intensive research work which has been directed to appraise the impact and impacts of obstruction in these situations. In this way, the present investigation will end up being monstrously noteworthy in these unique circumstances. In that capacity, the examination question would be: Is the putting of an aggregate arrangement of footings/grapples more productive than a single balance/stay? In such manner, the goals of the proposed examination would be: To lead an exhaustive research work and present report with the upper-bound purpose of control assessment remembering the ultimate objective to find the qualifications of impacts in arranged circumstances. To utilize restricted parts and straight programming systems to choose the mistake of burden in different circumstances. To create sensible outcomes remembering the ultimate objective to yield suitable and essential recommendations or proposals for the expert specialists with the objective that the helper edges related with structural designing can be improved and viability can be extended. In this manner, both the experts just as the scholastic specialists will be profited by the aftereffects of the proposed investigation. In addition, it will likewise help in creating speculations, methodologies, and expert methodologies so as to moderate different issues in structures identified with structural designing. Writing Review The extension of quick urbanization has experienced frustrations and folds of structures in a couple of occasions. The failure brief loss of lives and moreover cash related property. The overestimation of the bearing limit may lead the fashioners to ignore the potential dangers. The underestimation of this limit may incite money related mishap (Tafreshi and Dawson, 2010). The solitary and social event footings/catches have various bearing cutoff points. Consequently, the impedance influence fluctuates. This can be considered as exceptionally sensible that few footings are customarily evolved as a get-together in various plans. This may cause hindrance among neighboring foundations. The impedance has impacts on as far as possible, settlement, and turn of footings exposed to vertical weights. The even division of the dormant zone with respect to a parity loosens up around up to multiple times the equalization augmentation (Zidan, 2012). In case a bordering balance is gotten satisfactor ily long ways past the equal detachment, the equalization would carry on as a single parity. Regardless, if the parity is completed inside this sidelong division the failure and slip arrangement of a singular equalization could never again be considerable (Alamshahi and Hataf , 2009). Moreover, as far as possible would shift from that gained from the customary bearing cutoff points condition. Different assessments have been led by different specialists to choose an authoritative bearing breaking point as for a social event of two or three or an assortment of strip balance upon the dirt which has not be strengthened (Bathurst et al., 2009). The use of stronghold materials under an assortment of balance for upgrading as far as possible and settlement direct transformed into a crucial point in the latest decade. Both preliminary and theoretical assessments have been performed by a couple of researchers to explore the upsides of soil reinforcing (Kumar and Kouzer, 2008). It is understoo d that an authoritative bearing restriction of some of various footings in a social occasion ends up being continually more unmistakable than that of a lone disengaged balance. Ghazavi and Lavasan (2008) analyzed interfering footings on braced sand. In any case, they didn't present satisfactory information identified with the effects of foundation levels and consistency of burden passed on by the interfering footings on a conclusive bearing cutoff. Pros have also performed exploratory tests on immovably partitioned strip footings fortified with the geogrids (Ghosh and Kumari, 2012). Symphonious and intermittent vibration can be made generally by overpowering hardware, the moving vehicle units or by running trains, which make the supporting foundations carry on in a substitute structure. Thusly, these foundations should be illustrated fittingly to restrict such amazing burdens to have a progressively noticeable usefulness and life expectancy (Kumar and Bhoi, 2010). Capacity has been delivered starting from the direct spring-mass-dashpot structure to the exhaustive adaptable half space show proposed by a couple of pros for a single isolated foundation. Regardless, when the foundations are arranged in get-togethers, the impedance of one on the other neighboring foundations due to such incredible stacking is likely going to happen on a very basic level (Ukritchon et al., 2003). Subsequently, the hugeness of such examination can't be neglected in the framework of solidly scattered foundations experiencing dynamic participation. The issue identified with soil-structures joint effort has been the most powerful locale of research in the field of geotechnical planning. A couple of examinations have been performed to appreciate the soil structure relationship under amazing stacking. The assessments coordinated by different masters explain the impedance effect of near to foundations and ground catches under the tremor stacking using assorted numerical techniques, for ins tance, constrained part, restricted differentiation, and breaking point segment methodology (Hjiaj et al., 2005). In any case, not a lot of examinations have been performed on the impedance effect of foundations exposed to machine vibration. Machine foundations are basically proposed for mounting of overpowering machines making unfortunate lopsided incidental forces. The open methodology is adequate to design a solitary separated machine foundation. In any case, in a couple rational conditions, the machine foundations may be found in a social affair and set immovably, as a result of room crunch or some unavoidable conditions (Martin, 2005). The lead of solidly separated machine foundations is required to be out and out not exactly equivalent to that of single disconnected machine foundation due to the correspondence inside the get-together. Therefore, the dynamic coordinated effort among the immovably isolated machine foundations may be of a fantastic excitement of research to get t heir secured arrangement system. A couple of consistent and numerical examinations have been directed to grasp the dynamic collaboration of foundations in a social event. In any case, nonappearance of test consider on the obstacle direct of adjoining machine foundations rouses to take up the current assessment, which explains the dynamic association sway between two solidly partitioned square foundations of two interesting sizes, by driving broad scale show tests. The joint effort effect of two-balance get together was obtained by mounting a Lazan sort mechanical oscillator and motor social gathering on the dynamic equalization, which conveys essentially vertical vibrations on the parity. Notwithstanding what may be normal, the detached parity was put neighboring the dynamic one and stacked with the dead loads, which produces same static burden power as that applied by the dynamic equalization. The accelerometer has been used to measure the accelerating, speed and evacuation ampleness of the relentless state vibrati on, both for dynamic and inactive footings. The tests were performed with the dynamic and unapproachable footings kept at different scattering and at a particular significance underneath the ground surfaces. A few specialists have thought about the interfacing effect of shallow foundations created on sand fortified with geo-synthetics. They explored the piece of contr

Things You Wont Like About Term Paper Definition Examples and Things You Will

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The Right to Education Essay - 577 Words

Education is a elemental human right and essential for all other human rights. It is a powerful tool by which socially and economically marginalized children and adults can lift themselves out of poverty. It also consists of the right to freedom of education. Freedom of education is the right given to human beings to have access to the education of their preference without any constrictions. Right to education is a human right recognized by the United Nations. It includes the entire compulsion to eliminate inequity at all levels of the educational system. The rights to education are separated into three levels: †¢ Primary (Fundamental or Elemental) Education- This type of education must be free and compulsory for any child apart from of†¦show more content†¦Higher education should be equally accessible to all on the basis of merit. Professional and technical education should be made generally available. ï‚ § Education should promote friendship, understanding and tolerance among all nations, religious or racial groups, and the activities of the United Nations for the maintenance of peace. It should be intended for the improvement of the human personality. It should be directed to the strengthening of respect for human rights and freedoms. ï‚ § All the parents have a right to decide the type of education that shall be given to their children. The right to education is also reaffirmed by the 1st Protocol of ECHR, 1981 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, and also the 1960 UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) Convention against Discrimination in Education. According to the article 1(2) written in the 1960 UNESCO Convention against Discrimination in Education, education refers to the transmission to a following generation of those skills required to carry out the tasks of daily living, and further passing on the cultural, spiritual, social and philosophical ethics ofShow MoreRelatedRight to Education4758 Words   |  20 PagesTable of Contents * INTRODUCTION †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 6 * RIGHT TO EDUCATION: A HISTORICAL OVERVIEW †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦7-12 * PRE-INDEPENDENCE ERA * SUPREME COURT ON THE RIGHT TO EDUCATION * APPROACH OF VARIOUS COMMISSIONS * INTERNATIONAL TREATY OBLIGATIONS * THE 86TH AMENDMENT ACT * THE RIGHT OF CHILDERNS TO FREE AND COMPULSORY EDUCATION ACT, 2009 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..12-15 * HIGHLIGHTS OF THE ACT * CONCLUSION †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.15-16 * BIBLIOGRAPHYRead MoreThe Case For Rights Education1665 Words   |  7 PagesOverall Study of the Importance of Youth to Undergo Sexual Education Courses Abramson, Seth. The Case for Rights Education Alongside Sex Education. The Huffington Post, 18 July 2016. The Huffington Post, www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/the-case-for-rights-education-alongside-sex-education_us_578d282de4b0d4229484d76d. Accessed 21 Nov. 2016. In â€Å"The Case for Rights Education Alongside Sex Education†, Seth Abramson states that the reason sex education is present in the majority of all American schools isRead MoreThe Education Is A Universal Rights Essay1263 Words   |  6 Pages An education is a universal rights. Students should have the right to a quality public education regardless of their background. A true multicultural education ensures that all students have an equitable educational opportunity. Unfortunately, throughout public schooling many students are put through disadvantageous through no fault of their own. There have been several movements that have try to repeal the inequalities of what has occurred. Despite these advocates having good intentions, theirRead MoreThe Rights Of Women And Education1645 Words   |  7 Pagessufficient education is something that Westerner’s like myself, have taken for granted for a long time. It’s easy to, in all honesty, because we have been raised in a society in which education has been held at the utmost importance. In the United States women are held at an equal level with men, we’ve fought for this sense of equality for several years and unfortunately, not all women across the world hav e had that same success. Women from other countries do not have half of the rights that we doRead MoreEducation Is A Universal Right1249 Words   |  5 PagesEducation is a universal right. Most students find their true passion for learning in college. Taking courses that interest them and avoiding courses that don t interest them, college students find themselves in a world that is coming to an end but, it also leads to a new beginning. 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[YOUR NAME] [ENROLMENTNO]] CERTIFICATE FROM THE SUPERVISOR Read MoreThe Right Of Education Act ( Rte ) Essay1471 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract: The Right to Education Act (RTE) came into action on 1st April, 2010 has made free and compulsory education a fundamental right of every child in the 6 to 14 age group. Now our India has joined the group of those countries who provide for a constitutional right to free and compulsory education to its children. The RTE Act mandates that â€Å"every child of the age of six to fourteen years shall have a right to free and compulsory education in a neighbourhood school till completion of elementaryRead MoreShould Higher Education Be A Right?985 Words   |  4 PagesShould higher education be a right in the United States? Yes. Can states afford to fund higher education and can institutions develop cost-effective strategies to assist this process? Yes and yes. Multiple approaches have been offered in the search for increasing access to affordable education. However, methods achieved by various countries and historical precedents have occurred under diverse circumstances and under various funding mechanisms. These strategies do not seem to offer a viable plan

White Privilege in My Career Essay - 975 Words

Ms. McIntosh made a particularly resonant statement about halfway through her essay; â€Å"my skin color was an asset for any move I was educated to want to make.† I have always been free to move around the country, to make my own choices, own my independence and enjoy the freedom of my liberation. Considerations she includes on her list of privileges never actively entered into my decision making process. I was always able to find suitable housing and employment and educational opportunities to advance myself in anyway I decided. This made me wonder if in fact I had earned through merit and achievement all I believe I have to date. When I married and had a child, it was a simple proposition to purchase a home, a car, get a job with a†¦show more content†¦Throughout my employment with the firm I never encountered a single employee who had graduated from an undergraduate institute that was not a national or internationally ranked university. This fact in and of itself may not seem biased, but this hiring criteria eliminated all candidates from regional schools and local schools. This elimination criteria alone can be imputed to have reduced the ethnic pool of candidates substantially. The demographics of Tampa in 2010 were 26% black and 23% Hispanic and 46% white. I was in high school during the 80’s, the demographics were more evenly distributed between the three groups during that time. The increase in whites over the three decades is attributable largely to intrastate migration. This makes it safe to assume that the number of whites representative of Tampa in 1992 was somewhere between 33-46% of the total population. The first hiring meeting I attended was held in an auditorium large enough to hold three hundred people. My recollection of this first meeting is that the audience was fairly diverse, at least as diverse as the University of South Florida student body, which was much less diverse than the city ofShow MoreRelatedWhat Social Justice Issues Are You Most Passionate About And Why?888 Words   |  4 Pagespolicy, yet there has been a systemic erasure of women of color in feminism throughout history, and systemic silencing of women in racial politics. As a Global Health student, I am passionate about the mental and physical health of women of color. My research argues racial, gendered, and economic oppression can directly cause mental illness, such as depression, among women of color. 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The film American Beauty Essay Example For Students

The film American Beauty Essay The film American Beauty adopts many negative attitudes of the American society it depicts. These attitudes explore the nature of imprisonment, true beauty and materialism. Sam Mendes invites the viewer to look closer into the film by reflecting on these attitudes through a variety of techniques, which captivate the audience creating a masterpiece film. A major attitude portrayed throughout the film is explored through imprisonment. Mendes explores imprisonment in the sense of a negative invisible constriction created by societal values and expectations, which blinds people from the important values in life. This is displayed through Lestors imprisonment and his eventual escape from confinement, in a rights of passage journey. Throughout the film Lestor is subconsciously trapped behind jail cells which Mendes displays through setting, film techniques, and symbolism. In the beginning of the film we can see the various jail cells Lestor is subject to. Firstly, in the shower scene we see Lestor trapped behind glass walls. This symbolic glass wall is again used by Mendes in the following scene where Lestor is again trapped behind the glass windows in the house, a boundary which is caused by the nature of his materialistic wife Carolyn. In the next scene we again see Lestor in another jail cell while he is sleeping in the car. He is unaware he is in the car or jail cell as he is sleeping, while we see, through a low angle perspective shot, the outside world through the car window. This is the world that Lestor has lost touch with. We again see the director deliberately use Lestors computer screen as another jail cell, with numbers written in a column format. This scene also supports the cell symbol as a sticker on Lestors bored says Look Closer, which is an ironical statement which is directed to the viewers. We see the director continually employing this symbolic technique of jail cells to examine Lestors imprisonment from realization of true happiness, through the various cell settings. The confusion and dissolution of Beauty is another negative attitude of the depicted American society. Through the video lens of Ricky Fitts the director explores as a filter to depict the nature of True Beauty in contrast to the false and blurred vision of beauty in the eyes of society. We see the director, in the scene with Angela and Jane in Janes room, reflect on this contradiction of beauty. This scene is a microcosm of the film itself as Ricky zooms past Angela, who we think and also society depicts as being beautiful and sexy, into the reflection of Janes face in the glass mirror, who is infidently embodying a rarer beautiful and interest. This is again another jail cell symbolic in the mirror as Jane is trapped in the perception of True beauty, ironically the viewer is also confused why Ricky is more interested in Jane. Here we see the director use the film technique of the video camera lens to view Jane and the sutle symbolic techniques used. This perception of True Beauty is again explored through Rickys video camera in the scene of filming a dead bird. When Ricky states he is filming the dead bird and Angela asks Why? He responds Because its beautiful. Through the video camera technique we again see the director depict True beauty as something in its natural form, not influenced by external factors. The video camera then zooms past Angela again focusing on Jane. This film technique is repeated from early in the film as Ricky is again only interested in Janes natural truly beautiful appearance and interesting image. .u0bea7080caa2ba8837215773a30bcf79 , .u0bea7080caa2ba8837215773a30bcf79 .postImageUrl , .u0bea7080caa2ba8837215773a30bcf79 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0bea7080caa2ba8837215773a30bcf79 , .u0bea7080caa2ba8837215773a30bcf79:hover , .u0bea7080caa2ba8837215773a30bcf79:visited , .u0bea7080caa2ba8837215773a30bcf79:active { border:0!important; } .u0bea7080caa2ba8837215773a30bcf79 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0bea7080caa2ba8837215773a30bcf79 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0bea7080caa2ba8837215773a30bcf79:active , .u0bea7080caa2ba8837215773a30bcf79:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0bea7080caa2ba8837215773a30bcf79 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0bea7080caa2ba8837215773a30bcf79 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0bea7080caa2ba8837215773a30bcf79 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0bea7080caa2ba8837215773a30bcf79 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0bea7080caa2ba8837215773a30bcf79:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0bea7080caa2ba8837215773a30bcf79 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0bea7080caa2ba8837215773a30bcf79 .u0bea7080caa2ba8837215773a30bcf79-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0bea7080caa2ba8837215773a30bcf79:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Movie Summary - The Wizard of Oz EssayWe again see conflicting attitude of True beauty through the plastic bag video recording from Ricky. In this scene the constant panning of the video recording displays a wind caring circular movements around dead leaves, sometimes whipping it about violently, or without warning, sending it soaring skyward, floating gracefully down to the ground. This fine piece of filming explores an exquisite natural beauty as if the bag is dancing with joy in the wind, with the dead leaves almost depicting foot soldiers dancing around the bag. This Beauty would be regularly disregarded in a negative attitude among the depicted society, as a simply plastic bag blowing in the wind. Mendes uses film techniques such as the unpredictable panning on the plastic bag. Mendes again uses symbolism in the form of rose petals to roses to symbolize true beauty in scenes where it is present, but in contrast he also uses roses in scenes where true beauty does not exist, and is yearning to. For example in Lestors frequent fantasies of Angela rose petals are always present. Lestor sees Angela as beautiful through the perception of societal views. However at the end of the film Lestors perception of Angelas Beauty changes as she mentions she is a virgin. Therefore, Angela ironically possesses an innocent natural Beauty which Lestor comes to understand. On the other hand, roses surround Lestors house. This setting of roses, in this sense are symbolic as the house is a simple material object one of societal expectations, yet the house and its inhabitants possess an artificial beauty which yearns True beauty. Mendes uses symbolism and setting to explore the attitude of beauty in this context. The pessimistic nature of materialism in the depicted society of the film is also explored by Mendes using a variety of techniques. Techniques such as setting and symbolism are used to portray and illustrate the underlying motifs. The film adopts a negative attitude to materialism as it blinds people from the more important goals and values in life, instead seeking unlimited material satisfaction in fabric possessions. The film denounces the hypocrisy of a society obsessed with outer appearance of success, thus avoiding in the film we see certain scenes where material natures override fundamentally values in life. Firstly, in the dinner scene where Carolyn has the dinner table perfectively set in symmetrical precision in the long shot of the room. This material environment is ironic as the real emotions are tense and aggressive which is contradicted by Bobby Darren music in the background. Therefore, the material set up and music is unnecessary as the fundamental values of a happy family dinner are not present. This setting created by the Director is a very effective technique in displaying the contradictory atmosphere created in the dining room. The main negative attitude portrayed throughout the film is essentially the American Dream. The Burnham family has achieved on its own the possessions of a big house in the suburbs, furniture, money, beautiful gardens and cars, yet it is all an illusion. Through the journeys of the characters, we see that none are happy and the family explodes in overbearing tensions and frustration. In the journey for apparent fortune all personal passion and goals were sacrificed to a point where living had been forgotten. Ironically, the characters stranger to society are the ones who find happiness and True beauty. This is seen with Jane and Ricky as they see beauty through the filter of the video camera lens and also the gay neighbors who seem relatively happy and successful. This motif of the pursuit of happiness is thoroughly explored and played upon by Mendes using many symbols such as roses, jail cells, and water. In conclusion, the film criticizes the negative attitudes of imprisonment, true beauty and materialism. The director uses a variety of techniques such as symbolism, setting, film techniques and motives which effectively reflect the portrayed attitudes in the film.

Abortion In Utilitarian Terms Essays - Classical Liberalism

Abortion In Utilitarian Terms Abortion This essay is an analysis of abortion in utilitarian terms. Compared to some writings on abortion, it is very short. And it is short for good reason: utilitarianism really has very little to say on this issue. Intuitionists will predictably take this as proof of the inadequacy of utilitarianism. The utilitarian, however, after noticing the various muddles produced by the intuitionist - the arguments over whether the fetus is a person, whether one person has the right to the use of another's body and/or whether someone has the right to determine what occurs in their own body (and in the case of both, the interminable debates as to what is to be done about the dilemma), and whether having sex in the first instance amounts to an invitation and the effects of this - might take this issue to be a good example of the inadequacy of intuitionism. [It may also be noticed that utilitarianism avoids altogether a problem which has plagued many attempts to justify abortion from a more conventional moral framework. The problem is this: if it is sometimes permissible to kill a fetus, where is the dividing-line between this and killing a normal baby (or adult)? The problem emerges because abortion is held to be sometimes permissible, but killing a normal baby (or adult) not, and it is quite hard to point to a hard and fast (morally-relevant) distinction: (e.g.) at what stage does consciousness develop? Utility avoids the problem because it does not share the assumptions - it does not say that it is never right to kill a normal baby (or adult), in fact the considerations in each case would be quite similar (with the exception of alarm in the case of adults).] Utilitarianism, of the hedonistic variety, is (we may recall) concerned only with pleasure and with pain. Therefore we shall be concerned with the amounts of pleasure and pain in situations where abortion is permitted as contrasted with the amounts of pleasure and pain where abortion is forbidden. It might be suggested that the main consideration would be the interests of the fetus: not only can its future life be expectedly happy (or at least having a balance of happiness over suffering) it might also be the case that the abortion itself is painful, particularly if it occurs later in the pregnancy. However this focus on the fetus is unwarranted: any suffering involved in the abortion itself can be avoided by simply aborting the pregnancy sooner (before the fetus has even developed the capability of suffering), or with painless techniques. The direct suffering of the fetus can therefore be no argument against abortion generally, only the bad practice of it. A more significant conside ration exists if we posit that the future life of the fetus involves a probable balance of happiness over suffering for the fetus. This would seem to be a definite point against abortion, though not, we shall see, a dominant one. The second party we might consider are the parents and other family, and guardians if the alternative to abortion is adoption. According to some studies, having a baby appears to decrease the happiness in a relationship - even in those cases where the pregnancy is desired [see Eysenck on happiness]. But again, this need not be considered too much, it is not a dominant consideration. As is the case with many issues in a utilitarian system, the rightness or wrongness of the act in question turns mainly not on the effects of the act on the agent, nor on the being(s) directly affected by the act, but on the less direct effects on the community at large. The issue of abortion, stripped of the language of rights and emotional sway over murdering babies, actually becomes one of the desirability of increasing or decreasing the population. Given that there must be some population size which is felicifically-optimal, it is clear that Utility will proscribe new births above this amount. Some may not realize, though this will hardly apply in the foreseeable future, that below this population size utility will prescribe reproduction. Utility would give positive duties in this case - you ought to have a child, and it

Free Essays on Culture Shock

Cultural Relativism: Is truth defined by our culture or our culture by truth? In his article â€Å"Cultural relativism and cultural values†, Melville Herkovits defines the principle of cultural relativism as â€Å"judgments are based on experience, and experience is interpreted by each individual in terms of his own enculturation† (26). This is the basic premise of cultural relativism, that beliefs, values, and morals are all based on one’s culture. Therefore, since morality is based on society and different societies have different views of right and wrong, there can be no moral absolutes. Since there are no absolutes, under this view of cultural relativism all moral views determined by one’s culture are deemed true whether they conflict or not. Upon first glance, relativism seems like a very appropriate concept of morality in the world. It is clear to see that there are differences of what is acceptable and unacceptable in different societies across the world. Growing up in Western culture I have grown a fondness for meat, especially steak. It is a momentous occasion when I can go out or fix a nice, juicy steak for a meal, the bigger the better. This is not a problem in my culture, save those few health conscience people who say I will die by heart disease. However, if I were raised in an eastern, Hindu, culture these dietary practices would be considered wrong. My act of eating cow would be considered a moral atrocity. From examples like these and many others around the world we can see a good case for different cultures having different moral views, but is that really the case? I believe that at a surface level cultural relativism holds some merit, however if we look deeper into the issue we can find a flawed, and inaccurate theory for the way that the world should work. Some of the biggest arguments given in defense of cultural relativism are the many different practices of different cultures from around th... Free Essays on Culture Shock Free Essays on Culture Shock Cultural Relativism: Is truth defined by our culture or our culture by truth? In his article â€Å"Cultural relativism and cultural values†, Melville Herkovits defines the principle of cultural relativism as â€Å"judgments are based on experience, and experience is interpreted by each individual in terms of his own enculturation† (26). This is the basic premise of cultural relativism, that beliefs, values, and morals are all based on one’s culture. Therefore, since morality is based on society and different societies have different views of right and wrong, there can be no moral absolutes. Since there are no absolutes, under this view of cultural relativism all moral views determined by one’s culture are deemed true whether they conflict or not. Upon first glance, relativism seems like a very appropriate concept of morality in the world. It is clear to see that there are differences of what is acceptable and unacceptable in different societies across the world. Growing up in Western culture I have grown a fondness for meat, especially steak. It is a momentous occasion when I can go out or fix a nice, juicy steak for a meal, the bigger the better. This is not a problem in my culture, save those few health conscience people who say I will die by heart disease. However, if I were raised in an eastern, Hindu, culture these dietary practices would be considered wrong. My act of eating cow would be considered a moral atrocity. From examples like these and many others around the world we can see a good case for different cultures having different moral views, but is that really the case? I believe that at a surface level cultural relativism holds some merit, however if we look deeper into the issue we can find a flawed, and inaccurate theory for the way that the world should work. Some of the biggest arguments given in defense of cultural relativism are the many different practices of different cultures from around th... Free Essays on Culture Shock Oberg (1960) was the first person to use the term â€Å"culture shock† referring to the experience of living or visiting a new culture and facing unfamiliarity. The anthropologist provides six aspects of culture shock: strain, a sense of loss and feeling of deprivation, rejection, confusion, surprise/anxiety even disgust and indignation, and feelings of impotence. Researchers view this phenomenon as a normal and anticipated reaction and as part of the process of adaptation. Bock (1970) has maintained that culture shock is an emotional reaction that stems from the inability to â€Å"understand, control, and predict another’s behavior.† (Furnham, 1997) Culture shock is seen as a stress reaction where significant psychological and physical rewards are uncertain and consequently, unpredictable and uncontrollable. Hence, a person may feel confused and anxious until they form an understanding of their environment and the social constructs associated with that new surro unding. Culture shock includes the individual’s lack of a point of reference, social norms and rules to steer their actions and comprehend others’ behavior. Moreover, some common symptoms of culture shock consist of anxiety, specifically a â€Å"free-floating† anxiety. Frequently, lack of self-confidence, distrust of others, and mild psychosomatic complaints also occur in this stage. These reactions, however, are not the case for every person having an abroad experience. Adler (1975) and David (1971) have argued that, although culture shock is most often linked with negative outcomes, it may, in small measures, be consequential for self-development and growth. The extent of culture shock has been observed to be associated with the amount of difference between the visitor’s culture and the culture of the country they are visiting or working in. These differences refer to the abundance of cultural diversity in social beliefs and behaviors. Furnham and Bochner (1986) have...

International Business - Mongolia Research Paper - 1

International Business - Mongolia - Research Paper Example Such a similar scenario may be witnessed in the entire globe at the time of interwar period. Due to which, not only the financial institutions became collapsed but also a political unrest took place in the entire globe that hampered its growth to a significant extent. However, among many others, Mongolia is one of the noteworthy nations, whose political scenario is totally hindered due to the economic turmoil (Kasuya, 2003). This research essay is divided into three phrases mainly highlighting the impacts of interwar in various nations in the entire globe. Along with this, it also describes, the ways by which, the political situation of the nation of Mongolia became disturbed among others. Interwar period is recognized as the time frame within 1919 to 1939. It is time in which the World War I ended and the World War II began. Due to which, it is recognized as one of the vital time frame for the financial institutions as entre change-over is taking place. This is because, it is time, in which the banking institutions of various nations like France, Britain and Mongolia is trying to pull back huge amount of money from stock markets. This is mainly due to the downfall or crash of stock markets. As a result of which, the economic activities of the nation of Mongolia slowed down thereby declining the prosperity of the nation to a significant extent. Along with this, due to lack of financial help from the institutions, the idea of over production and future investment is stopped that hindered the economic progress of the nation of Mongolia to a certain extent. It is mainly due to the presence of economic turmoil or recession in the nation. In addition, due to recession numerous institutions became closed thereby terminating or huge amount of individual. As a result of which, the rate of unemployment and redundancy enhanced thereby declining the level of living standards and economic conditions of the citizens of Mongolia certainly. Moreover, the income

The context and consequences of theories of crime and how they shape Coursework

The context and consequences of theories of crime and how they shape current policy - Coursework Example Theories of crime in criminological studies contribute to current policy but due to lack of proper policy makers sometimes such policies are not properly executed. These theories identify areas where people can be helped to avoid committing crimes and provides a platform to educate the society on consequences of crime. Theories of crime are used in reducing levels of crime where criminologists use these theories to implement and create policies that help individuals against committing such crimes. Some of these theories include the rational choice theory, social disorganization theory, strain theory, social control theory labeling theory, and biological and evolution theories (Frauley, 2009). The Rational choice theory explains that people act in their self-interest and make their decisions to commit a crime (Frauley, 2009). The social disorganization theory states that a person physical and social environment can have an effect on a person’s behavioral choice. The strain theory states that when people fail to achieve their goals through hard work they may turn to crime to achieve their goals. Social learning theory states people acquire criminal behavior through association with other people. Criminologists in the society form theories on how to deter crime. They use such theories to advise policy makers in the criminal justice on how to execute them in public policy. Public policy is based on theories constituted and implemented by lawmakers. Such theories include the choice theory, trait theory social process theory and development theory. Choice theory states that severe punishment deters crime. Choice theory builds social policy since it makes sure that the society has the knowledge that a crime is wrong and is unacceptable in the society (Smith, 2009). Trait theory states that crime is committed since criminals have physical and mental defects. They develop public policy such as preventive programs that deal with the treatment of defects for

The life of people Essay Example for Free

The life of people Essay The life of people is getting better day by day and the technology is one of factor contributing that outcome. To consider one strong economical country or developed country, people usually look at its technological system. Therefore, I strongly agree with the statement that governments should spend as much money as possible on developing or buying computer technology. Firstly, thanks to technology people can work in an efficient way. Defining the modern life, one usually sees there are more machines to help people. In addition, some countries are using the higher productivity levels in manufacturing as they can in order to increase quality and quantity of products. For instance, Japanese used to be a poor country after the World War II and they had to suffer strongly damage of the war. However, they have realized the importance of technology and have concentrated using technology to produce cars. In present time, Japan is the biggest car industry all over the world. In addition to technology also brings for human being a high quality of living. To some extent, we can easily see the helping of technology in our daily life, such as washing machine or refrigerator. People can keep food within one month, and saving many hours cleaning clothes. Without airplane technology, before if one wants to go travel between countries, he or she has to use boats or trains. It takes so much time, but now we can do that just with few hours. Finally, computer is one of the most useful study aids for students nowadays. Computers have been using widely in schools, laboratories. Students were too tired with schoolbooks, wasting time in transferring from home to school. However, now they can save all their books in their personal computer or even just stay at home and study with an internet connection. Thus, when technology invested more money, students will study easier. Technology strengthens one country indirectly this way. In conclusion, technology is one of a main factor that helps people life more productive. With the reasons I have listed above, governments should give majority amount of money in making technological industry stronger.

American Beauty Essay -- Film, Movie

American Beauty There continues to be an everyday struggle for us American’s to find out true identities. There are so many people in our society who feel the necessity to be someone they are not, in order to fit in. Only if they had a mirror; then they could look and see the fear and insecurity in their eyes. There are some situations where putting on a act twenty-four hours a day is a bit too much. For many, the suburban life is the America dream. For others, however, it can turn into a twisted nightmare of unfulfilled desires. American Beauty, nonetheless, is a movie that gives the viewers backstage passes to see how the most perfect family, living in the flawless suburbs can really turn out to be. It’s our typical family with both a working husband (Lester) and wife (Carolyn). They have a beautiful teenager by the name of Jane, who‘s friends with your typical high school gossip girl (Angela). There are many significant others to the movie like the new family that just moved next door, or the top real estate agent who calls himself â€Å"The King†. There were so many different conflicts and alterations between the characters that made this movie so interesting to the viewers. American Beauty was a movie that shows us how our American society portrays the all American family to have the perfect relationships with one another. Little do the outsiders know about what really goes on inside the walls of the perfect household, and how they act towards each other. American Beauty is about the masks we wear in our society. Each character seems to wear there own masks during the movie for their own reasons. Whether they are dealing with their work, family, or just life in general. The father/husband of the supposedly â€Å"All American Family† seems to be hiding under the infamous â€Å"maskâ€Å" throughout the movie. He lives a life where he is constantly overpowered by his wife and co-workers day by day. Lester wakes up everyday only to show the community that he cares about his wife Carolyn, but when he really knows his relationship has taken a turn for the worse. He makes the community think that he is this funny, caring, and entertaining husband when he sees no reason to be. A real estate party was being held at a hall for all the real estate agents of the community. Before the party Carolyn told him just to act like a normal, caring, and be a husband of interested. H... ...oulders. She was one step further to finding her true identity. Mother and daughter relationships are a bit different then father to daughter relationships. Carolyn has a more realistic relationship with Jane than Lester. Even though Carolyn tries to keep her unidirectional relationship with Lester out of Jane’s life. She wants Jane to think everything is just perfect between the three of them, when in reality it isn’t close to perfection. During a scene at the dinner table, Lester all of a sudden has an outburst of anger and throws the dinner plate across the room. He then starts arguing with Carolyn in front of their only child. Jane could not stand to see her parents like this so she left. Although Carolyn did feel bad that her daughter had to see that, she should not have tried to hide their feelings for each other from their little girl. By her trying to have Jane thinking everything was fine and having Jane see that sudden outburst was not right. It was her responsibility as a mother to keep Jane on task with her social lif e, school, friends and any family problems. She obviously failed to keep up with that task considering the conditions Jane has been put up against.

CIPD †5DPP Essay

Introduction Within the confines of this report we will investigate the 6 keys headline statements in delivering the finding. These are the project plan, risk assessment, creative thinking, and team working and conflict, political behaviour, ending with formal recommendations. The principal argument will look at the functionality of project management and the delicate balancing act of the different element that would bring a successful outcome or possibly result in failure. 1. Project Planning Definition: What is a project? A project is a programme of activities that have a beginning and end. Projects are generally used to instigate change, improvements or developments. This statement is underpinned by PMI ‘a project is a temporary endeavour undertaken to produces a product, service or result. (Project Management Institute 2008). What is Project Management? Project management is defined by, ‘initiating processes – clarifying the business need; planning processes – detailing the project scope; executing processes – establishing and managing the project team; monitoring and controlling processes – tracking performance and taking actions; closing processes – ending all project activity’ (Portny 2012) What is a project Managers? ‘The project manager’s job is challenging – her success requires a keen ability to identify and resolve sensitive organisational and interpersonal issues.’ (Portny 2012: 21). As one of the principle stakeholders in the project their responsibility is reliant on developing good team dynamics and delegate correctly through a well organised project plan. The project Plan endorses these statements and clarifies the unique role of the manager, understanding of the project and the application of the management process and is cited in appendix 1. 2. Risk Assessment When dealing with human being it is inevitable that risk factors will arise due to different values, perceptions and behaviours leading to an adverse impact on the success of the project. ‘All projects can be affected by outside or inside risk. Planning what possible risks might affect a project and the likelihood of those risk occurring is vital to the success of the project’. (Horn 2012:414) With project control and clear project planning, many identifiable risks during the project can be minimised or averted. In order to identify these risks a Risk Breakdown Structure can use used (RiBS), to ensure that risk is managed appropriate and effectively. Derived from the Work Breakdown Structure (WBS), this chart calculates the impact and probability of various risks associated with the project and then provides methods of contingency to reduce or eliminate the risk. ‘Impact is used in the calculation of the risk factor and is the effect on the project if the risk occurs. Probability is used in the calculation of the risk factor and is the likelihood of the risk occurring’. (Horn 2012:414) Two key areas of risk highlighted in the project are; Scope Creep – where the predetermined scope of the project escalates and the project evolves in size or cost due to a range of changing variables, such as stakeholder and client changes and unforeseen circumstances due to environment, finance or politics. It is in this area that risk levels can be high. ‘Scope creep is a major cause of project failure’ (Horn 2012:405) Scope creep is most likely to happen in the area of team recruitment and development, the most costly part of the project, where any changes in specification may require more staff or specialist staff. Any expansion in the project of this type would be costly for the project. This is confirmed by Horn (2012:406) that ‘when you consider that only about a quarter of projects complete on time and budget’. Early contingencies planning for the effects of scope creep should be interlaid within the RiBS to manage any financial allowance for such eventuality and to communicate the changes across the project and organisation. Roles and responsibilities – It is possible that during the project  development some staff may have difficulty in defining their roles within the team or were not part of the role development process that takes place during the forming stage of Tuckman’s team development model. It is also likely within the project team to have duplication of roles/function, even though Belbin’s Team roles model may have been used. However it is not a pre-requisite that all team must have the nine roles specific by Belbin. ‘Team members can take on more than one role and some roles are not necessary in certain teams’. (Horn 2009:13) Through team meetings and project control, risk associated with roles and responsibilities could be quickly identified. One through work duplication if one or more staff are performing the same task and two through inaccurate, incomplete or delayed work. Left unmanaged they may lead to long term delay and added cost as well as team dysfunction as political behaviours evolved. To resolve these risks, clarity of roles may need to be re-established and a more robust command and control; day to day supervision of roles and task be implemented. Re-evaluation of Tuckman’s forming stages may identify the need for further direct involvement of the project manger, to remind the team of the non-negotiable behaviours expected. ‘Insufficient day-to-day supervision of work is still the largest single reason for lost productivity.’ (Mullins 2005:833) 3. Creative Thinking The aspect of the project that best fits a creative approach is how the project recruits applicants into the organisation. This fits the requirements made by the CEO that they’re looking for a higher calibre of employees that are able to engage with the workforce. This will require a different approach and a move away from traditional routes. ‘Everyone can be a creative thinker; it is a state of mind and a set of skills’. (Horn 2012: 159). To encourage a more creative approach in the team, models such as Mind Mapping, blind, negative and positive brainstorming (Horn 2012:156) would be use in the team on a regular basis. This would work towards promoting open discussion, through using tool that draw on right side brain activity that stimulate creativity and to develop  an environment where people feel comfortable to contribute ideas and solutions to problems. ‘So using the right side of the brain we tend to draw things as they are rather than as we know them to be. It represents innocence which plays a role in creativity, particularly artistic expression’. (De Bono 1985) Paramount to this approach working is a project team of engaged staff that have aligned values to the organisations, where there are shared interests, common causes and an environment built on trust and integrity. ‘The approach is also about celebrating diversity, placing compassion and flexibility at the heart of everything the council does, accepting risk and listening and trusting people to try new and innovative ways of working.’ (David Macleod 2000:56) Alongside these creative mechanisms to support a creative space (De Bono’s 1985) established Six Thinking Hats Model. This method allows everyone to contribute, explore ideas, solve problems and generate creativity without denting egos. This create a non-judgemental environment as a particularly type of thinking is applied to a subject, rather than a personal opinion, allowing free speech and opportunity to explore without feeling defensive. This additional model would be implemented throughout the whole process of the project; for 1-1, team meeting, casual meeting and encouraged in general conversations where it would help resolve problems quickly by removing and instil creativity. In De Bono’s words, ‘the six hats system encourages performance rather than ego defense. People can contribute under any hat even though they initially support the opposite view’. (Burns 2011:17) The key point is that a hat is a direction to think rather than a label for thinkin g. The six hats describe six separate thinking functions as follows; White Hat thinking This covers facts, figures, information needs and gaps. Red Hat thinking This covers intuition, feelings and emotions. Black Hat thinking This is the hat of judgment and caution Yellow Hat thinking This is the logical positive. Green Hat thinking This is the hat of creativity, alternatives and proposals. Blue Hat thinking This is the overview or process control hat. 4. Team Work / Conflict The fundamental ingredient of a team is full and willing participation by each member of the team in whatever task the group faces. The level of participation is perhaps the single most important factor affecting the team’s output. It is only when a group is fully functioning and performing at the optimum level that it can call itself a team. ‘Building successful teams also requires effective leadership with an emphasis on trust, clear communications, full participation and self-management.’ (Mullins 2005:568) The first approach in developing good team work is to establish the different roles individual align themselves to in a team. Understanding and valuing the diversity of skills in a team is essential for good team working and secures the accurate delegation of work. Staff are more likely to be productive when task assignment to them marry up with their skill set and interest. Belbin Team Roles support this explanation in its bid to help team members become aware of their strengths and weakness within a team environment, by completing a personal assessment to highlight people’s behaviour, characteristics and attitudes. These are the aligned to 9 key roles. (Huczynski & Buchanan: 330) The nine roles of Belbin are listed as follows; Plant – creative, imaginative Resources investigator – Extrovert, communicative Co-ordinator – mature, delegates well Shaper – challenging, thrives on pressures Monitor-evaluator – Sees all options, strategic Teamworker – co-operative, mild Implementer – disciplined, reliable Completer – conscientious, delivers on time Specialist – Single-minded, provides knowledge Another method of developing team working and self-awareness is the Betari Box model. It ‘provides a vehicle for discussing the way in which people can get locked into a cycle of attitude breeding behaviour’ (Clements & Jones 2008:217). Implemented within the communication process, in the early stages of the team formation it lends itself to supporting diversity in the workforce. The Betari Box illustrates how our own attitudes and behaviours directly affect the attitudes and behaviours of people around us. When we’re stuck in a negative cycle, then it’s up to us to stop that cycle by changing our attitude. This will positively impact those around us – and therefore break the cycle. My Attitude -> Affects -> My Behaviour -> Affects -> Your Attitude -> Affects -> Your Behaviour -> Affects -> My Attitude and so on. These models are all under pinned by McLeod (2009:9) which states that ‘attitude, behaviour and outcomes – are part of the engagement story’. An engaged workforce are at less risk of conflict and disagreement. As the project manager of a team, understanding changing dynamics and development is essential to grow and functionality. Using (Tuckman’s 1965) team development stages the manager will be better equipped to interpret the team stages of growth. According to Tuckman, in the initial stages of team evolution communication is essential, with the leading voice of the manager guiding an initially dependant team. ‘Members are dependent on some leaders to provide them with structure in the form of ground rules and agenda for action’. (Huczynski & Buchanan: 297) Implementing 1-1s, supervision, regular team meetings, and personal development programme will help to deliver clear modes of operation and behaviourial expectations. Conflict Team conflict can stem from a variety of sources; difference in perception,  departmentalisation, specialisation and role conflict. Mullins (2010) state ‘that there are different perspectives on conflict in the workplace, and in some cases conflict is a driver for creativity, energy and limiting apathy.’ Solving differences in perception is a challenging. The stringent use of management policies and procedures to enforce professional adult behaviour will help deter interpersonal differences of opinion. The reason behind this is ‘conflict is a behaviour that intends to obstruct a person from achieving some of their goal’ Mullin (2010). Informing employees on what behaviours are expect may help eliminate such conflict. Conflict in perception is likelier to arise when there are limited or unclear objectives, expectations and leadership from senior management. ‘Leadership is about creating a vision and direction for people, (Horn 2012:456). Proactive leadership is essential in encouraging conflict resolution. Where possible, promoting a culture of respect and consideration for others needs and opinions, and encourage staff to find mutually acceptable solutions to minimise or avoid conflict situations. ‘People say what they think and trust that the other person will hear the criticism in the spirit of help in which they were intended. They give each other essential feedback that will help to improve individual and collective feedback’. (Ryan & Oestreich 1998:39). One way of managing conflict is the use and awareness of transactional analysis. Encouraging team members to always have adult to adult conversations and to be aware of the possible risk of conflicts when roles change, is critical to conflict resolution. ‘So-called mature people are people who are able to keep the Adult in control most of the time but their child will take over on occasion like anyone else’s, often with disconcerting results’ (Berne 2011:27) 5. Political Behaviour Political behaviour can be linked to the power the individual or team have. The level of power or status will determine how the team or individual will play out their behaviour; possibly removing themselves from involvement with the team if they feel they have limited power or status or firming up power by pushing their view toward a self-interest goal. ‘Involves individual engaging in activities to acquire, develop, retain and use power in order to obtain their preferred outcome. (Huczynski & Buchanan 2001:823) Resistance to the changes recommend by the CEO could initiate many of those political behaviours in order to keep the status quo or to try and sabotage the efficiency drive of the recruitment and selection process. Having an open and clear mechanism for staff opinions and views through, surveys, focus groups, and other staff feedback forums, where staff can contribute constructively, will bring benefit to the organisation and not hinder the progress of the project. Reluctance to take part in team activity or limit information to the team, to negotiate higher status or responsibility because of the knowledge or skill that person has could be a display of political behaviour. This type of behaviour could cause the project to stagnate and caused deeper politicking as other individuals may retaliate in the same or worse manager, causing dysfunctional team dynamics and reduced work productivity as morale plummets. It’s important to note that politics will always be part of a team but it’s not always accepted as adverse to the team or organisation. ‘In every team there are political agendas, so it is as well to be aware of them but try to avoid them’. (Horn 2012:119). ‘Thus organisational recruitment, appraisal and training and promotion policies directly encourages political behaviour’. (Huczynski & Buchanan 2001:824) Influencing In order to bring about change, solve problems or develop ideas that grow and evolve businesses, influencing is critical. Built on Maslow hierarchy of need (Huczynski & Buchanan 2001:242), ‘Cohen & Bradford identified a range of positive sanctions and rewards which they termed organisational currencies. They showed how these could be used to influence others to comply with your request.’ (Huczynski & Buchanan 2001:819): currencies such as resources, information, network/contacts and recognition. Using reward and recognition polices within the organisation to influences positive behaviours and adopt organisational values, would help to shape an open and engaged workforce and decrease the need for political and power play. Persuasion Exploring new ideas, view and thinking is necessary in an organisation to motivate, create innovation, enable development and support change, this require persuasive action. ‘Whatever control is achieved over work behaviour is brought about as much through the processes of negotiation, persuasion’ (Mullins 2005:844). With the De Bono Six hat, the team can be persuaded to see the benefits of the change in recruitment and selection. Using a clinical approach to discussions that remove the ego state associated with political behaviour, individuals will come to understand the importance of a fair political landscape that represents the organisation not a single individual. Negotiation Negotiation involves two parties coming together to confer with a view to concluding a jointly acceptable agreement’. (Gennard & Judge 2005:238) Through the earlier stage of team formation in the project process, issues of political behaviour can be negotiated through clear role selection of Belbin, behavioural expectation and awareness using Betari Box, and transactional analysis. Applied through the traditional route of 1-1s, supervision, team meeting and other informal interaction, leading to a lessening of these behaviours; as a result it can support staff smoothly through the change curve cycle. 6. Recommendations I have used the Cause and Effect Diagram and the Pareto Diagram to argue a preferred decision on which part of the project I should delivery to the CEO. The cause and effect diagram addresses the main problems by identifying what  the causes are associated with that effect; in this case an inefficient, poor quality and disengaged recruitment and selection process. By asking a series of questions to key headings associated with the effect we can reach a range of decisions on what part of the causes are the major or minor reasons for the ‘effect’. ‘Cause-effect’ diagrams are particularly effective of helping to search for the root causes of problems’ (Slack 1998:703). Linked to the Pareto Analysis Model we can analysis which area of the ‘causes’ has the greater impact on the project. (Slack 1998) states that Pareto analysis ‘distinguishes between the vital few and the trivial many’. I have used the cause effect model to help identify where the ‘root causes of problems’ (Slack 1998:704) lie in the project. The Pareto analysis model is then used to identify a specific cause or group of causes, which will solve a greater number of the effects or problems. In this project’s recommendations I have made a few assumptions to pinpoint that, the human resource (people) ‘causes’, would yield the greatest outcomes and it would be in this area that I would apply the ideas for improvement and recommend to the CEO. In appendix 2 have illustrated this explanation. Conclusion With a robust project plan and reliable control measures, issues such as risk and will be identified early on in the project process, ideally during the initial planning stages, with contingencies set in place for those eventualities. With new ways of working applied to not only the process but people through De-Bono Six Hats and adult lead behaviourial awareness of Betari Box and transactional analysis; creativity and innovation should flourish in what should now be a trusting and transparent working environment. Signs of self-interest or personal political behaviours will be limited, though an open dialogue of communication across the team supported by strong influencing, negotiation and persuasion tools by the leadership. Using any project plan methodology or project software to underpin the suggested ideas, the project plans should be able to fulfil it obligations  and delivery the desired outcome for the CEO. References Berne, E. (2011) Games People Play. London:Penguin Books Limited Burns, A. (2011) Engaging with Teams. Unpublished. Birmingham: Birmingham City Council De Bono, E. (1995) Serious Creativity [online] available from http://teaching.ust.hk/~mark329/Papers/serious%20creativity.pdf [29/10/13] Gennard, J. & Judge, G. (2005) Employee Relations. Trowbridge: CIPD Horn, R. (2009) The Business Skills Handbook. London: CIPD Huczynski, A. & Buchanan, D. (2001) Organisational Behaviour. Essex: Pearson education limited Jones, J. & Clements, P. (2008) The Diversity Training Handbook London: Kogan Page Limited Macleod, D. (2008) Engaging for Success Surrey: office of Public Sector Information Mullins, L. (2005) Management & Organisational Behaviour. Essex: Pearson education Limited Portny, S. (2010) Project Management for Dummies. Indianapolis: Wiley Publishing Project Management Institute, (2008) The Project Management Body of Knowledge. Pennsylvania: Project Management Institute Ryan, K. & Oestreich, D. (1998) Driving Fear out of the Workplace. San Fancisco: Jossey-Bass Inc Slack, N. (1998) Operations Management. Kent: Pitman Publishing Bibliography Marchington, M & Wilkinson, A (2008) Human Resource Management At Work. London: CIPD Taylor, S (2008) People Resourcing. London: CIPD Appendix 1 Project Plan Appendix 2 Cause and Effect of Project Management Process